Demografske i javnozdravstvene odrednice razvoja porodništva i primaljstva u Slavonskom Brodu tijekom 19. stoljeća [Demographic and public health guidelines for the development of obstetrics and midwifery in the town of Slavonski Brod in 19th century]

Ćosić, Vesna (2016) Demografske i javnozdravstvene odrednice razvoja porodništva i primaljstva u Slavonskom Brodu tijekom 19. stoljeća [Demographic and public health guidelines for the development of obstetrics and midwifery in the town of Slavonski Brod in 19th century]. PhD thesis, Sveučilište u Zagrebu.

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Abstract

In the area of the Republic of Croatia the health care system has its roots in the late 18th century when it was focused primarily on the prevention of infectious diseases. This system was later developed and expanded to other segments of the health protection of the population, including those measures relating to maternity protection. This paper presents the study of demographic and public health guidelines for the development of obstetrics and midwifery in Slavonski Brod, during the 19th century. At that time, the city was part of the Military Frontier (Vojna Krajina), and the life in it was organized in terms of supervision and care of the population that moved across the border, taking care of livestock and people, and defense against attacks by the Turks across the river Sava, protection against epidemic diseases which prevailed in the Turkish state. The previous research that related to the history of the town of Slavonski Brod, relates mainly to the socio -political history of the area. The history of public health, on the other hand, and particularly obstetrics and midwifery as a profession on the territory of the town of Slavonski Brod, has not been systematically investigated. This paper will, therefore, contribute to the knowledge of the medical and public health context, vital parameters and demographic development of the town of Slavonski Brod and will highlight the role of population policies of the Austrian government during the 19th century. By reconstructing the position of midwives, their work, education and social status, this research contributes to research of the role of women in the public life of the Republic of Croatia in 19th century, and indicates their relevance within the health care of the population. The reconstruction of the historical circumstances of this subject was based largely on primary sources stored mostly in the National Archives in the towns of Slavonski Brod, Požega and in the Croatian State Archives. One 96 has mainly used registers of births, deaths and marriages, the analyzed period and the relevant secondary literature. The analyzed period has been proven as a crucial initial period in shaping of the population policies, the introduction of legislation and regulations that govern the operation of health care in general, and the midwifery profession. However, this still has not brought satisfactory results, nor has it affected the increase in natural growth and better health of the population.

Abstract in Croatian

Na području Hrvatske sustav zdravstvene zaštite vuče svoje korijene od kraja 18. stoljeća kada je bio usmjeren prvenstveno na zaštitu od zaraznih bolesti. Taj sustav se kasnije razvija i proširuje i na ostale segmente zaštite zdravlja populacije uključujući i one mjere koje se odnose na zaštitu materinstva. U ovom radu istraživane su demografske i javnozdravstvene odrednice razvoja porodništva i primaljstva u Slavonskom Brodu tijekom 19. st.. Dosadašnja istraživanja, vezana uz povijest Slavonskog Broda, odnose se uglavnom na društveno – političku povijest ovoga područja. Povijest javnoga zdravstva, s druge strane, te posebice porodništva i primaljstva kao struke u području Slavonskoga Broda, do sada nije sustavno istraživana. Ovaj rad, stoga, pridonosi poznavanju medicinskog i javnozdravstvenog konteksta, vitalnih pokazatelja i demografskog razvoja Slavonskog Broda te rasvjetljava ulogu populacijske politike austrijske uprave tijekom 19. stoljeća. Rekonstrukcijom položaja primalja, njihovog djelovanja, izobrazbe i socijalnoga statusa, ovo istraživanje djelomično pridonosi istraživanjima uloge žena u javnom životu Hrvatske 19. stoljeća, te ukazuje na njihovu relevantnost u okviru zdravstvene skrbi stanovništva. Rekonstrukcija povijesnih okolnosti ove tematike temeljila se najvećim dijelom na primarnim izvorima pohranjenim većim dijelom u Državnom arhivu u Slavonskom Brodu, Gradskom muzeju u Požegi,Franjevačkom samostanu u Slavonskom Brodu i u Hrvatskom državnom arhivu. Korištene su matične knjige krštenih, umrlih i vjenčanih, analiziranog razdoblja te relevantna sekundarna literatura. Analizirano razdoblje pokazalo se kao ključno inicijalno razdoblje u oblikovanju populacijske politike, uvođenja legislative i propisa koji reguliraju rad zdravstva u cjelini, a tako i primaljske struke. Ono, međutim, još uvijek nije donijelo zadovoljavajuće rezultate niti je utjecalo na povećanje prirodnog prirasta i boljeg zdravstvenog stanja pučanstva.

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