Effects of magnesium, chromium, iron and zinc from food supplements on selected aquatic organisms [Učinci magnezija, kroma, željeza i cinka iz dodataka prehrani na odabrane vodene organizme]

Bošnir, Jasna and Puntarić, Dinko and Cvetković, Želimira and Pollak, Lea and Barušić, Lidija and Klarić, Ivana and Miškulin, Maja and Puntarić, Ida and Puntarić, Eda and Milošević, Milan (2013) Effects of magnesium, chromium, iron and zinc from food supplements on selected aquatic organisms [Učinci magnezija, kroma, željeza i cinka iz dodataka prehrani na odabrane vodene organizme]. Collegium Antropologicum, 37 (3). pp. 965-971. ISSN 0350-6134

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of uncontrolled environmental disposal of food supplements containing magnesium (Mg), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) on selected aquatic organisms including freshwater algae Scenedesmus subspicatus and Raphidocelis subcapitata, water flea Daphnia magna and duckweed Lemna minor. Thirty different food supplements containing Mg, Cr, Fe and Zn were analyzed. Results were expressed as effective concentration 50 (EC50), i.e. growth inhibiting Mg, Cr, Fe and Zn (mg/L) concentration immobilizing 50% of treated organisms. Particular metal EC50 differed significantly (p < 0.001) among study organisms, as follows (in ascending order): Scenedesmus subspicatus EC50 Fe (median 46.9 mg/L) < Zn (59.8 mg/L) < Mg (73.0 mg/L) < Cr (88.1 mg/L) (KW-H(3;120) = 36.856; p < 0.001); Raphidocelis subcapitata EC50 Fe (median 44.9 mg/L) < Zn (52.6 mg/L) < Mg (62.2 mg/L) < Cr (76.8 mg/L) (KW-H(3;120) = 44.0936; p < 0.001); Daphnia magna EC50 Zn (median 59.4 mg/L) < Cr (79.2 mg/L) < Fe (80.8 mg/L) Mg (82.0 mg/L) (KW-H(3;120) = 39.2637; p < 0.001); and Lemna minor EC50 Zn (median 131.0 mg/L) < Fe (186.8 mg/L) < Mg (192.5 mg/L) < Cr (240.4 mg/L) (KW-H(3;120) = 58.6567; p < 0.001). Uncontrolled environmental disposal of food supplements containing Mg, Cr, Fe and Zn exerts adverse effects on aquatic organisms. Therefore, legal provisions should regulate both the utilization and disposal of food supplements into the environment.

Abstract in Croatian

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi učinak nekontroliranog okolišnog odlaganja dodataka prehrani koji sadrže magnezij (Mg), krom (Cr), željezo (Fe) i cink (Zn) na odabrane vodene organizme, uključujući slatkovodne alge Scenedesmus subspicatus i Raphidocelis subcapitata, vodenu buhu Daphnia magna i vodenu leću Lemna minor. Analizirano je trideset različitih dodataka prehrani koji sadrže Mg, Cr, Fe i Zn. Rezultati su izraženi kao efektivna koncentracija 50 (EC50), tj. koncentracija Mg, Cr, Fe i Zn (mg/L) koja inhibira rast odnosno imobilizira 50% izloženih organizama. EC50 pojedinih metala značajno se razlikovala (p<0.001) među ispitivanim organizmima, kako slijedi (uzlazno): Scenedesmus subspicatus EC50 Fe (medijan 46,9 mg/L)<Zn (59.8 mg/L)<Mg (73.0 mg/L)<Cr (88.1 mg/L) (KW-H(3;120)= 36,856, p<0.001); Raphidocelis subcapitata EC50 Fe (medijan 44.9 mg/L)<Zn (52.6 mg/L)<Mg (62.2 mg/L)<Cr (76.8 mg/L) (KW-H(3;120)=44,0936, p<0.001); Daphnia magna EC50 Zn (medijan 59.4 mg/L)<Cr (79.2 mg/L)<Fe (80.8 mg/L)<Mg (82.0 mg/L) (KW-H(3;120)=39,2637, p<0.001) i Lemna minor EC50 Zn (medijan 131.0 mg/L)<Fe (186.8 mg/L)<Mg (192.5 mg/L)<Cr (240.4 mg/L) (KW-H(3;120)=58,6567, p<0.001). Nekontrolirano odlaganje dodataka prehrani koji sadrže Mg, Cr, Fe i Zn u okoliš ima negativne učinke na vodene organizme. Stoga, zakonskim odredbama treba regulirati kako uporabu tako i odlaganje dodataka prehrani u okoliš.

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