Lifestyle habits of Croatian diabetic population: observations from the Croatian Adult Health Survey [Životne navike osoba sa šećernom bolepću u Republici Hrvatskoj: zapažanja iz Hrvatske zdravstvene ankete]

Magaš, Saša and Poljičanin, Tamara and Šekerija, Mario and Ajduković, Dea and Metelko, Željko and Car, Nikica and Kern, Josipa (2009) Lifestyle habits of Croatian diabetic population: observations from the Croatian Adult Health Survey [Životne navike osoba sa šećernom bolepću u Republici Hrvatskoj: zapažanja iz Hrvatske zdravstvene ankete]. Collegium Antropologicum, 33 (S. 1). pp. 115-119. ISSN 0350-6134

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the behavioural risk factors in Croatian diabetic population and to compare them with the lifestyle habits of individuals with no known history of diabetes. The study was a part of the Croatian Adult Health Survey (CAHS), a cross-sectional survey that provided comprehensive health assessment of the Croatian adult population. Risk factors were defined as an unhealthy nutritional regimen, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking and lack of physical activity. Physical inactivity was the most prevalent risk factor observed in a significant number of both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects (44.8% and 29.1%). It was also the only behavioural risk factor that was more prevalent in the diabetic individuals as compared to those without diabetes. Alcohol consumption did not vary significantly between the two groups (5.8% vs. 6.3%), while unhealthy dietary pattern and smoking were less frequent in respondents with diabetes (10.0% vs. 16.5% and 14.3% vs. 23.2%, respectively). Among diabetic patients, a significantly larger proportion of men than women reported smoking (19.2% vs. 10.0%), whereas no such sex-related differences were observed in other behavioural risk factors. Although the most prominent risk factor in diabetic patients was physical inactivity, a significant proportion of respondents with diabetes also reported the presence of other risk factors investigated in this survey. Since the majority of diabetic patients do not reach their treatment goals, there is a substantial need for curative and preventive interventions. Given the importance of physical activity in the treatment and prevention of diabetes and the high proportion of inactive diabetic patients, any future preventive programme in Croatia should address that risk as well.

Abstract in Croatian

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi životne navike osoba sa šećernom bolešću u Republici Hrvatskoj i usporediti ih s životnim navikama ispitanika bez utvrđene šećerne bolesti. Istraživanje je bilo dio Hrvatske zdravstvene ankete (HZA), presječnog istraživanja zdravstvenog stanja odrasle hrvatske populacije. Rizični čimbenici bili su definirani kao prisutnost rizičnih ponašanja povezanih s nezdravim načinom prehrane, prekomjernim uživanjem alkohola, pušenjem i nedostatkom tjelesne aktivnosti. Najčešći rizični čimbenik, nedostatak tjelesne aktivnosti, zapažen je u značajnom broju ispitanika sa i bez šećerne bolesti (44,8% i 29,1%). To je ujedno bilo i jedino rizično ponašanje koje je kod dijabetičkih bolesnika bilo češće nego kod osoba bez utvrđene šećerne bolesti. Uživanje alkohola nije se značajno razlikovalo između skupina bolesnika sa ili bez šećerne bolesti (5,8% i 6,3%), dok su nezdravi način prehrane i pušenje zapaženi u manjem udjelu dijabetičara (10,0% i 16,5% odnosno 14,3% i 23,2%). Kod dijabetičkih bolesnika je značajno veći udio muškaraca nego žena naveo pušenje kao rizični čimbenik (19,2% i 10,0%), dok kod ostalih ispitivanih rizičnih čimbenika nije bilo značajnih razlika prema spolu. Najistaknutiji čimbenik rizika u osoba sa šećernom bolešću bila je tjelesna neaktivnost, no značajan broj ispitanika bio je izložen i ostalim rizičnim čimbenicima ispitivanima u ovoj anketi. Budući da većina osoba sa šećernom bolesti ne postiže ciljne vrijednosti u liječenju, neophodno je provođenje kurativnih i preventivnih intervencija. S obzirom na značaj tjelesne aktivnosti u liječenju i prevenciji šećerne bolesti i visokom udjelu neaktivnih dijabetičkih bolesnika, buduće preventivne akcije trebale bi obuhvatiti i ovaj rizik.

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