The prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients from Croatian Zagorje County treated at Department of Medicine, Zabok General Hospital from 2000 to 2006

Pešek, Ksenija and Pešek, Tomislav and Radoš, Marko and Buković, Damir and Fureš, Rajko and Ćuk, Višeslav (2007) The prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients from Croatian Zagorje County treated at Department of Medicine, Zabok General Hospital from 2000 to 2006. Collegium Antropologicum, 31 (3). pp. 709-715. ISSN 0350-6134

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Abstract

The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients treated for coronary heart disease (CHD) at Department of Medicine, Zabok General Hospital during the 2000-2006 period. Cardiovascular diseases are a group of diseases that occur due to arterial. The risk factors that lead to the development and occurrence of cardiovascular disease are hypertension, cigarette smoking, hyperholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, diabetes mellitus and positive family history. Additional factors favoring the occurrence of cardiovascular disease include overweight, inadequate physical activity, and emotional stress. Data on all patients hospitalized and diagnosed with CHD at Department of Medicine, Zabok General Hospital during the 2000-2006 period were analyzed for the prevalence of risk factors for CHD, i.e. hypertension, cigarette smoking, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, diabetes mellitus and positive family history of cardiovascular disease. Hypercholesterolemia was defined by a cholesterol level higher than 5.1 mmol/L, hypertension from history data and blood pressure measurement on admission greater than 140/90 mmHg, diabetes mellitus from history data, and hypertriglyceridemia by a triglyceride level greater than 1.7 mmol/L. Information on heredity and cigarette smoking was collected from history and a questionnaire filled out on admission. All laboratory values were determined on patient admission to the hospital. Analysis of the risk factors for CHD recorded in patients from Zagorje County during the 2000-2006 period revealed hypertension to be the most common risk factor in our patients. According to sex, CHD was found to show a male preponderance. According to age at admission, CHD predominated in the > 70 age group, which accounted for one third of all patients, followed by a comparable proportion of the 50-60 and 60-70 age groups, i.e. still active population groups. As CHD is one of the leading health threats worldwide, estimated to remain so at least by 2020, it is fully justified to invest all efforts in the study of cardiovascular disease. New research projects should be focused on the prevention and early detection of the disease, improvement of diagnosis procedures, introduction of novel therapeutic options, use of new concepts, and due survey of the measures taken. CHD poses great socioeconomic burden upon every community in industrialized societies because of the ever younger age at onset. Actions should be taken to improve awareness of the CHD risks and morbidity in the population at large, stimulating favorable lifestyle and dietary modifications, and one's own health awareness, in order to upgrade the control of risk factors for and morbidity of cardiovascular disease.

Abstract in Croatian

Utvrditi prevalenciju pojedinih čimbenika rizika za kardiovaskularne bolesti kod bolesnika liječenih zbog koronarne bolesti srca u Općoj bolnici Zabok na internom odjelu u razdoblju od 2000. godine do 2006. godine. Kardiovaskularne bolesti su skupina bolesti koje nastaju zbog oštećenja arterija. Čimbenici rizika koji dovode do razvoja i nastanka kardiovaskularnih bolesti su hipertenzija, pušenje, hiperholesteremija, hipertrigliceridemija, dijabetes i pozitivna obiteljska anamneza. Dodatni uzroci pogoduju nastanku kardiovaskularnih bolesti su prekomjerna tjelesna težina, smanjena fizička aktivnost te emocionalno stresno stanje. Od 2000. do 2006. praćeni su svi bolesnici hospitalizirani u Općoj bolnici Zabok na internom odjelu kojima je dijagnosticirana koronarna bolest. Analizirana je učestalost hipertenzije kao rizičnog čimbenika, pušenje, hiperholesteremija i hipertrigliceridemija te dijabetes i pozitivna obiteljska anamneza ukupno kod svih registriranih bolesnika. Hiperholesteremija definirana je razinom holesterola većom od 5,1mmol/L, hipertenzija je utvrđena anamnestički i mjerenjem tlaka kod prijema vrijednosti veće od 140/90 mmHg, dijabetes je utvrđen anamnestičkim podatkom, hiertrigliceridemija je utvrđena razinom većom od 1,7 mmol/L. Podaci o nasljeđu i pušenju dobiveni su anamnezom i ispunjavanjem upitnika kod prijema. Analizom praćenih čimbenika rizika za nastanak koronarne bolesti kod bolesnika liječenih na internom odjelu Opće bolnice Zabok dobili smo podatak da je hipertenzija najzastupljeniji rizični čimbenik za nastanak koronarne bolesti. Muškarci obolijevaju češće nego žene a najviše je zastupljena dob od 70 godina na više i čine trećinu ispitivanih bolesnika, a četvrtinu ispitanih bolesnika zastupa podjednako dob od 50 do 60 godina te dob od 60 do 70 godina što je još uvijek radno sposobna populacija. Radi se o velikom socijalno-ekonomskom problemu za svaku zajednicu u visokorazvijenim i razvijenim zemljama jer se dobna granica za nastanak koronarne bolesti približava mlađim dobnim skupinama. Širokom akcijom upoznavanja populacije s problemima rizika i pobola od kardiovaskularnih bolesti, utjecajem na promjenu načina života, prehrane i podizanja samosvijesti o vlastitom zdravlju, mogao bi se očekivati napredak u suzbijanju rizičnih čimbenika za nastanak i smanjenje kardiovaskularnih bolesti.

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