Prijelom klavikule u djece – okolnosti i uzroci nastanka [Clavicle fractures in children - circumstances and causes of injury]

Antabak, Anko and Matković, Nikša and Papeš, Dino and Karlo, Robert and Romić, Ivan and Fuchs, Nino and Mađarić, Miroslav and Stilinović, Marina and Stanić, Lana and Luetić, Tomislav (2015) Prijelom klavikule u djece – okolnosti i uzroci nastanka [Clavicle fractures in children - circumstances and causes of injury]. Liječnički vjesnik, 137 (5-6). pp. 163-167. ISSN 0024-3477

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Abstract

Clavicle fractures in children occur twice as often as in adults. During a child's growth period they account for 10-15% of all fractures sustained. The questions which should be asked are how these fractures are sustained and under which circumstances are the children injured. In the study 256 children with clavicle fractures treated during the period 2008-2013 were analyzed. The underlying cause and place of injuries were classified using the ICD-10 classification system, using environmental causes of injury. The circumstances were in each case accidental injury. Environmental causes were traffic accidents (V01-V99) or mishaps/accidents (W00-X59). Fracture injuries were caused in traffic accidents in 24 (9.4%), and in mishaps/accidents in 232 (90.6%) children. Of the injuries caused by mishaps/accidents, in 204 children these were caused by falls (W00-W19). In 123 of them the injuries were caused by falls from a ground level, and in 81 were from a greater height. Direct blow injuries, caused by another person or a blunt instrument, weere the causes of fractures seen in 28 children. Place of fracture sustainment was dominantly at home. This was followed by injuries sustained outside in recreational areas, while least were suffered at school or kindergarden facilities. Bicycle riding was the cause of clavicle fractures in 48 children, which was 18.7% of all fractures seen. Sports related injuries and fractures were seen in 47 (18.4%) out of 256 children: 30 in football, 10 in defensive sports (wrestling, judo, karate), three in hockey, while basketball and gymnastics accounted for two each. Preschool children were injured more often while in the care of their parents while school aged children were adaquately protected, but in after-school activities they were often injured. The most common injuries after school were those suffered in traffic accidents and recreational sports activities. In the adolescent period, the most common injuries seen were again those in traffic accidents, bicycle riding, recreational sports activities and injuries sustained at home.

Abstract in Croatian

Prijelomi ključne kosti u djece dva su puta češći nego u odraslih i čine 10 – 15% svih prijeloma dječje dobi. Velika pojavnost ovog prijeloma opravdava propitivanja o okolnostima i uzrocima nastanka, odnosno lokacijama na kojima se djeca ozljeđuju. U radu se analizira 256-ero djece s prijelomom klavikule liječene u razdoblju od 2008. do 2013. godine. Način, uzrok i mjesto ozljede kodirani su MKB-10 klasifikacijom s pomoću šifara vanjskih uzroka pobola. Prema okolnostima, svi prijelomi klavikule nastali su u okolnostima nenamjernog ozljeđivanja. Vanjski uzroci pripadaju jednoj od dvije podskupine: šifre (V01-V99) ozljede u prometu ili šifre (W00-X59) nezgode i nesreće. U prometu je prijelome zadobilo 24-ero (9,4%), a u nezgodama 232-je (90,6%) djece. Od prijeloma nastalih nezgodom u 204-ero djece prijelom je izazvan padom (W00-W19), 123-je njih palo je u razini, a 81 dijete s visine. Izravni udarac druge osobe ili udarac tupim predmetom bili su uzrok prijelomu kod 28-ero djece. Prema mjestu na kojem su prijelomi nastali, dominiraju ozljede zadobivene kod kuće, zatim na ulici pa ozljede na rekreacijskome mjestu, a najmanju skupinu čine ozljede u školi ili vrtiću. Bicikl je uzrok nastanka prijeloma ključne kosti u 48-ero djece i čini 18,7% svih prijeloma klavikule u naše djece. Od 256-ero djece njih 47-ero (18,4%) prijelom je zadobilo u sportskim aktivnostima: na nogometu 30-ero, na borilačkim sportovima (hrvanje, judo, karate) 10-ero, na hokeju troje, na košarci i gimnastici po dvoje djece. Predškolska djeca najčešće se ozljeđuju dok se za njih doma skrbe roditelji. Školska su djeca za trajanja škole primjereno zaštićena, a izvan škole i dalje često stradavaju u prometu i sportskim aktivnostima. U adolescenata najčešće su ozljede u prometu i na cesti (vožnja bicikla), slijede sportske, a ozljede kod kuće tek sporadično.

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