Obesity and systolic blood pressure in young adult men born small for gestational age [Pretilost i arterijski tlak u mladih odraslih muškaraca rođenih nakon intrauterinog zastoja u rastu]

Laganović, Mario and Vuković Lela, Ivana and Premužić, Vedran and Karanović, Sandra and Vrdoljak, Ana and Jelaković, Bojan (2013) Obesity and systolic blood pressure in young adult men born small for gestational age [Pretilost i arterijski tlak u mladih odraslih muškaraca rođenih nakon intrauterinog zastoja u rastu]. CollegiumAntropologicum, 37 (3). pp. 755-760. ISSN 0350-6134

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Abstract

Individuals born small for gestational age (SGA) are supposed to be at higher risk to develop cardiovascular disorders, and recent report showed that concurrent obesity influences blood pressure (BP) in SGA children. Our aim was to investigate the impact of obesity and birth weight on blood pressure values in young adult men born SGA and controls born after normal pregnancy, Normotensive, non-treated adult men were enrolled (N = 185; mean age 21.29 +/- 0.9 years). Birth parameters were obtained from medical records and SGA was defined as birth weight (BW) under 10th percentile for gestational age and obesity as BMI > 25 kg/m2. According to the presence or absence of obesity and BW the subjects were divided into four groups: (1) non-obese with normal BW (N = 50), (2) non-obese SGA (N = 67), (3) obese with normal BW (N = 40), (4) obese SGA (N = 28). BP was measured using Omron M6 and Spacelab 90207 device following the ESH/ESC guidelines. Systolic BP, 24-hour BP variability and pulse pressure were significantly higher in SGA subjects than in those with normal BW (p < 0.05). The highest 24-hour and daytime systolic BP values as well as 24-hour pulse pressure were found in the subgroup of obese SGA subjects (p < 0.001). Significant differences for the above parameters were observed between obese SGA group and non-obese SGA group (p < 0.05). Obese SGA subjects had higher 24-hour and daytime systolic BP values compared to obese normal BW group. No difference was found in BP between non-obese SGA and non-obese group with normal BW (p > 0.05). In addition to BW and shorter pregnancy duration, obesity concurrently and significantly determines systolic BP in young normotensive men and point to a need for more aggressive implementation of healthy lifestyle as early as possible.

Abstract in Croatian

Predmnijeva se da su osobe rođene s manjom porodnom težinom u odnosu na gestacijsku dob (SGA) pod većim rizikom za razvoj kardiovaskularnih bolesti (KV), a nedavni izvještaji ukazuju da pretilost u SGA djece utječe na vrijednosti arterijskog tlaka (AT). Ispitat ćemo utjecaj pretilosti i porođajne težine na vrijednosti arterijskog tlaka u zdravih, normotenzivnih, odraslih muškaraca (N=185; srednja dob 21.29 ± 0.9 godina). Podaci o trudnoći i porodu dobiveni su iz registara poroda. SGA je definirana porođajnom težinom (PT) ispod 10. percentile za gestacijsku dob, a pretilost BMI >25 kg/m2. Prema porođajnoj težini i statusu pretilosti ispitanici su podijeljeni u četiri skupine: (1) ne-pretili normalne PT (N=50), (2) ne pretili SGA (N=67), (3) pretili normalne PT (N=40), (4) pretili SGA (N=28). AT je mjeren pomoću Omron M6 i Spacelab 90207 uređaja prema ESH/ESC smjernicama. Analizirane su srednje vrijednosti 24-satnog, dnevnog, noćnog sistoličkog i dijastoličkog AT, opterećenje AT, varijabilnost AT (procijenjena preko standardne devijacije), srčana frekvencija i tlak pulsa. Sistolički AT, 24-satna varijabilnost AT i tlak pulsa su bili značajno viši u SGA ispitanika nego s normalnom PT (p<0,05). Skupina SGA pretilih ispitanika imala je najviše vrijednosti ambulantnog, 24-satnog i dnevnog sistoličkog AT, kao i 24-satnog tlak pulsa. Značajne razlike u gore navedenim parametrima su uočene između pretilih i nepretilih SGA ispitanika (p<0,05). Pretili SGA ispitanici su imali više vrijednosti 24-satnog i dnevnog sistoličkog AT u odnosu na pretile ispitanike s normalnom PT (p<0,05). Nije bilo razlike u vrijednostima AT između nepretilih ispitanika rođenih SGA i nepretilih s normalnom PT (p>0.05). Uz intruterini zastoj u rastu, pretilost dodatno i značajno određuje vrijednost sistoličkog AT u mladih normotenzivnih muškaraca i doprinosi ranom vaskularnom starenju. Stoga je u osoba s anamnezom intrauterinog zastoja u rastu uvođenje zdravih životnih navika i prevencija pretilosti ključna.

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