Ultrasound measurements of carotid intima-media thickness and plaque in HIV-infected patients on the Mediterranean diet

Višković, Klaudija and Rutherford, George W. and Sudario, Gabriel and Stemberger, Lorna and Brnić, Zoran and Begovac, Josip (2013) Ultrasound measurements of carotid intima-media thickness and plaque in HIV-infected patients on the Mediterranean diet. Croatian Medical Journal, 54 (4). pp. 330-8. ISSN 0353-9504

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Abstract

AIM: To evaluate the influence of food habits, specifically adherence to the Mediterranean diet, on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the presence of plaques in HIV-infected patients taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) and non-HIV-infected participants and to determine if HIV infection contributes independently to subclinical atherosclerosis. ----- METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 110 HIV-infected patients on ART and 131 non-HIV-infected participants at the University Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Zagreb, Croatia, from 2009-2011. CIMT measurement and determination of carotid plaque presence was detected by ultrasound. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed by a 14-point food-item questionnaire. Subclinical atherosclerosis was defined by CIMT≥0.9 mm or ≥1 carotid plaque. ----- RESULTS: In HIV-infected patients, subclinical atherosclerosis was associated with older age (Plt;0.001; Mann-Whitney test), higher body mass index (P=0.051; Mann-Whitney test), hypertension (Plt;0.001; χ(2) test), and a lower Mediterranean diet score (P=0.035; Mann-Whitney test), and in non-HIV-infected participants with older age (P lt; 0.001; Mann-Whitney test) and hypertension (P=0.006; χ(2) test). Multivariate analysis showed that decreased adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with higher odds of subclinical atherosclerosis (odds ratio [OR] 2.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10-4.72, P=0.027) as was current smoking (OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.28-6.40), hypertension (OR 3.04, 95% CI 1.41-6.57), and male sex (OR 2.35, 95% CI 0.97-5.70). There was a significant interaction of age and HIV status, suggesting that older HIV-infected patients had higher odds of subclinical atherosclerosis than controls (OR 3.28, 95% CI 1.24-8.71, P=0.017 at the age of 60 years). ----- CONCLUSION: We confirmed the association between lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet and increased risk of subclinical atherosclerosis and found that treated HIV infection was a risk factor for subclinical atherosclerosis in older individuals.

Item Type: Article
MeSH: Adult ; Anti-HIV Agents / therapeutic use ; Atherosclerosis / diagnostic imaging ; Atherosclerosis / etiology ; Body Mass Index ; Carotid Arteries / diagnostic imaging ; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ; Carotid Stenosis / diagnostic imaging ; Carotid Stenosis / etiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diet, Mediterranean ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; HIV Infections / complications ; HIV Infections / drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Odds Ratio ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tunica Intima / diagnostic imaging
Departments: Katedra za infektologiju
Depositing User: Marijan Šember
Status: Published
Creators:
CreatorsEmail
Višković, KlaudijaUNSPECIFIED
Rutherford, George W.UNSPECIFIED
Sudario, GabrielUNSPECIFIED
Stemberger, LornaUNSPECIFIED
Brnić, ZoranUNSPECIFIED
Begovac, JosipUNSPECIFIED
Date: August 2013
Date Deposited: 22 Oct 2013 13:58
Last Modified: 15 Jul 2020 11:06
Subjects: /
Related URLs:
URI: http://medlib.mef.hr/id/eprint/1952

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