Idiopatska ventrikulska tahikardija iz istisnog dijela desne klijetke novi pristup liječenja radiofrekventnom ablacijom

Vokač, Damijan (2011) Idiopatska ventrikulska tahikardija iz istisnog dijela desne klijetke novi pristup liječenja radiofrekventnom ablacijom. PhD thesis, Sveučilište u Zagrebu.

[img]
Preview
PDF
Download (4MB) | Preview

Abstract

Introduction: Idiopathic right ventricular tachycardia is the most frequent type of ventricular arrhythmia in patients without structural heart disease. Pathophysiology is trigged activity as a consequence cathecholaminic dependent afterdepolarization due to hyperstimulation of cAMP which leads to increase in intracellular calcium and its oscillatory release from sarcoplasmic reticulum. Molecular genetic mechanism is somatic mutation of G protein which is due to substitution of one amino acid in protein chain ineffective and loses its inhibitory effect on intracellular cAMP concentration. Increased intracellular calcium concentration follows increased Na+- Ca2+ exchanger activity on cellular membrane which generates potential enough high to trigger delayed depolarization an triggered activation. Two distinct types of idiopathic right ventricular tachycardia are known in clinical practice paroxysmal sustained and repetitive which overlaps and could change from one to another. This type of tachycardia is resistant to many antiarhythmic medication or high dosage is needed bearing serious side effects. Tachycardia is primarily treated by radiofrequency ablation. Ablation is carried out during electrophysiology procedure in sustained ventricular tachycardia which is sometimes rather difficult to induce and sustained so besides programmed stimulation isoproterenol infusion is needed. Almost all of patients with idiopathic right ventricular outflow tachycardia have also frequent ventricular ectopy bearing the same morphology as tachycardia. In this clinical study I am presenting successful radiofrequency ablation of arithmogenic focus of tachycardia by mapping ventricular ectopy with the same 94 morphology as I have been approving some markers of successful ablation as are fast repetitive response during ablation and local activation time before ablation. Method: We have treated 66 patients due to right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia 50 ± 14 years. Patients were randomized between two groups, in the first 33 patients 51,45 ± 15 years a new approach of radiofrequency ablation was carried out during sinus rhythm, in the second group 33 patients 50,24 ± 14 years were treated by conventional approach during sustained ventricucular tachycardia. All of patients were had follow up in next 24 months after ablation procedure. Besides screening an acute and sustained success of ablation in both groups the markers of success as a cycle length of fast repetitive response and local activation time were tested as a markers of success. Results: In the first group acute success was 97,0% and in the second one 78,7%, P = 0,05, relapse rate as a subclinical ectopy in 24 months after ablation was in the first group 18,2% and in the second 57%, P = 0,005. Procedure length in the first group was 70 ± 16 min. and in the second procedure duration was 120,5 ± 29 min. P < 0,001 respectively. The number of radiofrequency application was 13,4 ± 12 in the firs and 21,6 ± 15, P = 0.03 in the second group. Markers of an acute as sustained success were cycle length of fast repetitive response 293,7 ± 54 msec in patients without relapse and acute success and 332,3 ± 71 msec, P = 0.001 in patients with relapse. In patients treated without relapse the local activation time was 31,3 ± 15 msec and in patients with relapse 24,3 ± 12 msec, P = 0.002 regardless of way of ablation. Most subclinical relapses were 95 treated by low doze antyarhythmic medication as beta blockers and verapamil with success the need for reablation was present in only two cases. There were no serious complication observer in any group. Conclusion: Nonmedical treatment of right ventricular tachycardia by radiofrequency ablation is a very successful and safe procedure with a high acute and a long lasting success without serious complications. The results of the new approach of treatment by radiofrequency ablation in sinus rhythm without need for sustained ventricular tachycardia induction was approved to be better and bears higher acute and long lasting success rate and drastically shorter procedure time. Due to shorter procedure time this procedure could be regarded as a primary treatment in patients with right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia and could be also useful in treatment of patients with frequent ventricular ectopy originated from right ventricular outflow tract.

Abstract in Croatian

Uvod: Idiopatska ventrikulska tahikardija iz istisnog sustava desnog ventrikula najĉešća je ventrikulska smetnja ritma u bolesnika bez strukturne bolesti srca. Mehanizam nastanka tahikardije smatra se potaknuta (trigerirana) aktivnost kao posljedica katekolaminsko zavisne kasne depolarizacije koja nastaje zbog prekomjerne stimulacije cikliĉnog AMP i prekomjernog porasta intracelularnog kalcija koji se oscilatorno otpušta iz sarkoplazmatskog retikuluma. Molekularnom genetikom dokazano je da se radi o somatskoj mutaciji G-proteina, koji zbog supstitucije jedne aminokiseline u lancu gubi svojstva i inhibitorni uĉinak na razinu staniĉnog cAMP, nakon ĉega slijedi njegov porast i povišena razina intracelularnog kalcija i pojaĉano djelovanje Na+- Ca2+ izmenjivaĉa na membrani miokardne stanice - pojaĉana struja je dovoljna da dolazi do kasne depolarizacije i trigerirane aktivnosti. U kliniĉkoj praksi postoje dva razliĉita tipa idiopatske ventrikulske tahikardije - paroksizmalni trajni tip i repetitivni tip, oni nemaju jasne granice i prelaze jedan u drugoga. Tahikardija je rezistentna na antiaritmiĉku terapiju ili su potrebne vrlo velike doze, što je tada popraćeno nuspojavama. Zbog toga se tahikardija primarno lijeĉi radiofrekventom ablacijom, koja je uspješna i omogućuje trajno izljeĉenje aritmije. Radiofrekventna ablacija aritmije klasiĉno se obavlja poslije elektrofiziološkog ispitivanja i mapiranja inducirane trajne tahikardije. No, trajnu idiopatsku tahikardiju teško je postići zbog fokalnog porijekla i nemogućnosti indukcije standardno programiranom stimulacijom, pa su potrebni dugotrajni postupci s 91 inkremetalnim dozama izoproterenola. No, gotovo svi bolesnici s epizodama idiopatske ventrikulske tahikardije iz istisnog sustava imaju i brojne izolirane ventrikulske ektopije morfologije poput kliniĉke aritmije. U ovome radu dokazujem da se taj tip aritmije moţe uspješno ablirati i u sinusnom ritmu mapiranjem ventrikulskih kompleksa iste morfologije i praćenjem odreĊenih markera uspjeha kao što su brzi repetitivni odgovor tijekom aplikacije RF i što dulje lokalno aktivacijsko vrijeme na ablacijskom kateteru prije ablacije. Metoda: U ovome radu testirali smo skupinu od 66 bolesnika s RVO-VT u dobi od 50 ± 14 g. koji su lijeĉeni nemedikamentno RF-ablacijom aritmije. Bolesnike smo randomizirali izmeĊu dvije skupine. U prvoj skupini s 33 bolesnika 51,45 ± 15 g. RFablacija bila je obavljena novim pristupom u sinusnom ritmu, a u drugoj s 33 bolesnika 50,24 ± 14 g., klasiĉno za vrijeme trajne RVO-VT. Bolnike smo nakon elektrofiziološke procedure pratili 24 mjeseca. Uz promatranje uspješnosti ablacije definirali smo nove parametre uspjeha abalacije u sinusnom ritmu, kao što je ciklus brzog repetitivnog odgovora i lokalno aktivacijsko vrijeme koji trebaju biti prisutni pri RF-ablaciji novim pristupom. Rezultati: U prvoj skupini akutni uspjeh ablacije bio je 97,0%, a u drugoj 78,7%, P = 0,05, dok je recidivnost u smislu supkliniĉke ventrikulske ektopije unutar 24 mjeseci bila u prvoj skupini 18,2%, a u drugoj skupinio 57%, P = 0,005. Vrijeme trajanja procedure bilo je u prvoj skupini 70 ± 16 min., a u drugoj 120,5 ± 29 min. P < 0,001 92 jednako je bila diferenca o potrebi broja aplikacija RF do akutnog uspjeha u prvoj bilo je potrebno 13,4 ± 12, dok je u drugi skupini bilo 21,6 ± 15, P = 0.03. Uz praćenje uspjeha ablacije definirali smo parametre koji koreliraju s akutnim i kroniĉnim uspjehom. U skupini s akutnim uspjehom bez relapsa ciklus brzog repetitivnog odgovora bio je 293,7 ± 54 msec, dok je u skupini s relapsom bio 332,3 ± 71 msec, P = 0.001. RF-ablacija novom metodom omogućila je i stabilnije mapiranje izvora RVO-VT. U skupini s akutnim uspjehom bez relapsa lokalno vrijeme aktivacije prije ablacije bilo je 31,3 ± 15 msec, a u skupini s relapsom bilo je 24,3 ± 12 msec, P = 0.002. Većina subkliniĉkih replapsa lijeĉena je malim dozama beta-blokatora ili verepamila, dok je reablacija bila potrebna samo u dvoje bolesnika. Ni u jednoj skupini bolesnika nije bilo ozbiljnih komplikacija lijeĉenja. Zaključak: Nemedikamentna terapija RVO-VT u smislu RF-ablacije vrlo je uspješna i pouzdana metoda s dobrim akutnim i trajnim uspjehom bez popratnih komplikacija. Novi pristup RF-ablaciji obavljen u sinusnom ritmu bez potrebe za indukcijom i odrţavanjem tahikardije za vreme RF-ablacije, pokazao se boljim kako u smislu boljeg akutnog kao trajnog uspijeha tako i u bitnom skraćenju trajanja zahvata. Novi pristup omogućio je da RF-ablacija postane primarna terapija RVO-VT i bude primijenjena i u lijeĉenju bolesnika sa samo RVO-VT ektopijom.

Item Type: Thesis (PhD)
Mentors:
Mentor
Goldner, Vladimir
Departments: Izvan medicinskog fakulteta
Depositing User: dr.med. Helena Markulin
University: Sveučilište u Zagrebu
Institution: Medicinski fakultet
Number of Pages: 117
Status: Unpublished
Creators:
CreatorsEmail
Vokač, DamijanUNSPECIFIED
Date: 18 November 2011
Date Deposited: 15 Mar 2013 08:55
Last Modified: 18 Mar 2013 12:18
Subjects: WG Cardiovascular System > WG 200-460 Heart. Heart Diseases
Related URLs:
    URI: http://medlib.mef.hr/id/eprint/1867

    Actions (login required)

    View Item View Item

    Downloads

    Downloads per month over past year