Virološka dijagnostika reemergentnih infekcija: virus dengue [Virology diagnosis of re-emergent infections: dengue virus]

Vilibić-Čavlek, Tatjana and Ljubin-Sternak, Sunčanica and Babić-Erceg, Andrea and Sviben, Mario and Mlinarić-Galinović, Gordana (2012) Virološka dijagnostika reemergentnih infekcija: virus dengue [Virology diagnosis of re-emergent infections: dengue virus]. Liječnički vjesnik, 134 (5-6). pp. 164-167. ISSN 0024-3477

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Abstract

Dengue is acute viral disease transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes (Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus). Dengue virus belongs to the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus. There are four dengue virus serotypes (1-4) which are maintained endemically. The disease is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas between latitudes 35 degrees N and 35 degrees S. Infections may be asymptomatic or may produce a wide spectrum of diseases: non-specific febrile illness, dengue fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. For the first time in Croatia, Ae. albopictus was registered in Zagreb in October 2004. In autumn 2005, additional records of Ae. albopictus presence were made in many places along the Adriatic coast. During 2007, two cases of imported dengue fever were reported in Croatia, after which similar imported cases appeared continually. In August 2010, the first autochthonous case of dengue fever was recorded on the peninsula Peljesac. Though Croatia is not endemic for dengue, the existence of a corresponding vector and a latent threat by imported dengue cases demand state-of-the-art and timely diagnostics. The most commonly used methods in laboratory diagnosis of dengue infections involve detection of viral RNA, antigen detection and serologic methods (detection of antibodies).

Abstract in Croatian

Dengue je akutna virusna bolest koju na čovjeka prenose komarci roda Aedes (Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus). Uzročnik je virus porodice Flaviviridae, roda Flavivirus. Postoje četiri različita serotipa virusa dengue (1-4) koji se mogu održavati u endemskim područjima svijeta. Bolest se većinom pojavljuje u tropskim i suptropskim krajevima između 35° sjeverne i 35° južne geografske širine. Infekcija može biti asimptomatska ili se očitovati kao nespecifična febrilna bolest, dengue groznica, dengue hemoragijska groznica te dengue šok sindrom. Prisutnost komarca Ae. albopictus dokazana je i u Hrvatskoj. Prvi nalaz ovog komarca zabilježen je na području Zagreba u listopadu 2004. godine, a u jesen 2005. godine i u brojnim mjestima duž jadranske obale. Tijekom 2007. godine u nas su dokazana dva importirana slučaja dengue groznice, nakon čega su importirani slučajevi kontinuirano bilježeni. U kolovozu 2010. godine zabilježen je prvi slučaj autohtone dengue groznice u Hrvatskoj, na poluotoku Pelješcu. Iako Hrvatska nije endemsko područje za dengu, prisutnost odgovarajućeg vektora, kao i moguća opasnost od importiranih slučajeva dengue zahtijevaju suvremenu i pravodobnu dijagnostiku ove bolesti. Dijagnostika virusa dengue najčešće se provodi detekcijom virusne RNK, detekcijom antigena te serološkom dijagnostikom (dokaz specifičnih protutijela).

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